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Ovulation Day and Symptoms in Women Planning Pregnancy
Ovulation is a physiological process during which a mature oocyte is released from the ovary and represents the period with the highest likelihood of fertilization. Accurate identification of the timing of ovulation is of significant importance for women planning pregnancy.
Ovulation Day
In women with regular menstrual cycles, ovulation typically occurs approximately 14 days before the onset of the next menstruation. In an average 28-day menstrual cycle, ovulation most commonly takes place around day 14. However, cycle length may vary among individuals.
Following ovulation, the fertilization capacity of the oocyte lasts approximately 12–24 hours, whereas spermatozoa can survive in the female genital tract for 3–5 days. Therefore, the fertile window includes the days preceding ovulation as well as the day of ovulation itself.
Ovulation Symptoms
Clinical signs associated with ovulation may not be observed in all women and can vary individually.
Physical and Hormonal Symptoms
- Changes in cervical mucus: Due to increased estrogen levels, vaginal discharge increases in quantity and becomes clear, elastic, and stretchable.
- Lower abdominal pain (Mittelschmerz): Mild to moderate unilateral pelvic pain may occur.
- Breast tenderness: This may arise as a result of hormonal fluctuations.
- Mild vaginal bleeding or spotting: Rarely observed during ovulation.
- Sensation of abdominal bloating
Basal Body Temperature Changes
Following ovulation, an increase of approximately 0.3–0.5°C in basal body temperature occurs due to the effect of progesterone. This rise retrospectively indicates that ovulation has already taken place.
Psychophysiological Changes
- Increased libido
- Elevated energy levels
- Heightened sensitivity to odors and tastes
Determination of Ovulation Day
The following methods can be used to identify the timing of ovulation:
- Menstrual cycle tracking
- Measurement of basal body temperature
- Ovulation tests detecting the surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) in urine
- Mobile health applications
Conditions Requiring Clinical Evaluation
- Presence of menstrual irregularities
- Failure to achieve pregnancy despite regular unprotected intercourse for 12 months in women under 35 years of age, or 6 months in women aged 35 years and older
- Occurrence of severe or atypical ovulation-related pain
In such cases, gynecological evaluation is recommended.
